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Dom Manuel II (15 November 1889 – 2 July 1932) "the Patriot" ((ポルトガル語:"o Patriota")) or "the Unfortunate" ((ポルトガル語:"o Desventurado")) was the last King of Portugal, ascending the throne after the assassination of his father, King Carlos I of Portugal, and his elder brother, Luís Filipe, Prince Royal of Portugal. Before ascending the throne he was Duke of Beja. His reign ended with the dissolution of the monarchy in the 5 October 1910 revolution, and Manuel lived the rest of his life in exile. ==Early life== ''Manuel Maria Filipe Carlos Amélio Luís Miguel Rafael Gabriel Gonzaga Francisco de Assis Eugénio'' was born in the last year of the reign of his grandfather, King Luís I; he was the third child,〔The second child was Maria Ana, who died shortly after her birth.〕 and last son, born to Carlos I of Portugal and Amélie of Orleans in the Palace of Belém, Lisbon, seven months before his father ascended the Portuguese throne. A member of the House of Braganza,〔"While remaining patrilineal dynasts of the duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha according to pp. 88, 116 of the 1944 ''Almanach de Gotha'', Title 1, Chapter 1, Article 5 of the (1838 Portuguese constitution ) declared, with respect to Ferdinand II of Portugal's issue by his first wife, that 'the Most Serene House of Braganza is the reigning house of Portugal and continues through the Person of the Lady Queen Maria II'. Thus their mutual descendants constitute the Coburg line of the House of Braganza"〕 he was baptized〔The newborn Infante was named after his paternal great-grandfather, Victor Emmanuel II; his grandmother, Maria Pia, thought it would be an homage to the unifier of Italy.〕 a few days later, with his maternal grandfather as godfather. The former Emperor Pedro II of Brazil, who had been deposed from the Brazilian throne on the day of Manuel's birth, attended the ceremony. Both Pedro and Manuel were descendants of Emperor Pedro I of Brazil. He received the traditional education of a member of the royal family, without the political preoccupations that befell his older brother, who was destined to become King. Although Manuel was raised as member of the upper class, he took a more populist tone after ascending to the throne, and abandoned many of the court protocols.〔In the annual ''Beija-mão Real'' ("Kiss the Royal Hand") ceremony, on January 1, he declined to have the attending dignitaries kiss his hand; (Eduardo Nobre, 2002)〕 He studied history and languages, and by the age of six spoke and wrote French. He demonstrated a love of literature and reading, unlike his older brother, who was more interested in physical activities. Manuel's upbringing included horse riding, fencing, rowing, tennis and gardening. He was a great lover of music, especially Beethoven and Wagner, and played the piano. As a child, Manuel played with the children of Count of Figueiró, the children of Count of Galveias and with the rest of the families of the Court. In 1902, he was taught by Franz Kerausch (Latin and German), later by Father João Damasceno Fiadeiro (Portuguese history); Marquês Leitão (Mathematics); M. Boeyé (French and French literature); Alfredo King (English and English literature), Father Domingos Fructuoso (Religion and Morals) and Alexandre Rey Colaço (piano). In 1903 he traveled with his mother and his brother to Egypt, on board the royal yacht ''Amélia'', to expand his understanding of ancient civilizations. In 1907, he prepared to enter the Portuguese Naval Academy, to follow a naval career. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Manuel II of Portugal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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